The term was first coined by the american applied linguist robert kaplan in 1966 to denote eclecticism and subsequent growth of collective knowledge in certain languages. Contrastive rhetoric is the study of how a persons first language and his or her culture influence writing in a second language or how a common language is used among different cultures. After that, many birds and animals died and harmed. World englishes and contrastive rhetoric english today. Cultural meaning and contrastive rhetoric in english education yamuna kachru department of linguistics, university of illinois, 4088 foreign languages building, 707 s. It proposes a methodology of contrastive rhetorical research, based on hallidays notion of meaning potential halliday, 1978, which takes into account the evidence provided by research on writing in the inner circle, language socialization, traditions of literacy, and writing in the multilingual and multicultural context of the outer. Critical concepts in linguistics, kingsley bolton, isbn. Kaplan cultural thought patterns english includes germanic languages such as german, dutch, norwegian, danish, and swedish communication is direct, linear and doesnt digress or go off topic. Implications for the current teaching of english writing at universities in japan ferred patterns of writing are genre dependent. World englishes 2 asian englishes 2 resources on world englishes 3 structure of this book 4 part i. The contrastive rhetoric hypothesis in its original sense refers to the existence of diffe rent writing conventions across cultures k aplan, 1966, 1987. Kaplan, with regard to language, the theory that diverse languages contain varying rhetorical traits, suc. Chapter 2 contrastive rhetoric and studies of chinese and.
Contrastive rhetoric in world englishes volume 11 issue 1 yamuna kachru skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. English in its standard native forms is fast becoming the world s lingua franca of science, commerce, the mass media, and entertainment. Contrastive rhetoric in world englishes english today. Contrastive linguistics lecture 9 in english for pg. The focus are the role of first language conventions of discourse and rhetoric structure on second language usage, as well as cognitive and cultural dimensions of transfer. The study was a humble attempt at crossanalyzing court decisions drafted in ameri can, philippine, and indonesian englishes in the perspective of world englishes wes. Contrastive rhetoric wikimili, the free encyclopedia. Contrastive analysis and contrastive rhetoric in the legal. Framing this critique within a discourse view of language, culture and communication, this paper points to the need to go beyond such a priori.
As will be discussed below, the original focus of contrastive rhetoric on the differences in rhetorical conventions from one culture to the next proved problematic for both cultural and methodological reasons. The third international conference on world englishes, honolulu, hawaii, usa, december 1921, 1996. Whilst most studies have focused on the sentence level, contrastive rhetoric has broadened this area of investigation to the levels of discourse and text. Cultural meaning and contrastive rhetoric in english education cultural meaning and contrastive rhetoric in english education kachru, yamuna 19971101 00. Contrastive meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. Investigating metadiscourse markers in asian englishes. This chapter provides the linguistic base to intercultural rhetorical research, exploring theories of linguistic relativity and contrastive rhetoric. A contrastive rhetoric analysis of three court decisions. Home university of southern california dissertations and theses a study of the contrastive rhetoric of arabic, english, japanese, and spanish page 1 reference url save to favorites remove from favorites. This paper is critically concerned with the recent attempts in contrastive rhetoric cr to interpret the linguistic and rhetorical differences found in the academic discourses produced by anglophone and nonanglophone academic and research writers. Available formats pdf please select a format to send.
We argue here that a paradigm gap has prevented recent research into world englishes wes and contrastive rhetoric cr from being mutually useful, and suggest particular areas in which insights from cr may benefit in particular the study of wes. Discourse and rhetorical strategies 3 99 cultural meaning and rhetorical styles. The main focus of contrastive rhetoric has been on l2. Improve your vocabulary with english vocabulary in use from cambridge. Contrastive rhetoric contrastive rhetoric is the study of how a persons first language and culture influence hisher writing in a second language. Academic writing involves more than using correct grammar. Cultural meaning and contrastive rhetoric in english. Contrastive rhetoric in world englishes volume 11 issue 1 yamuna kachru. Contrastive linguistics lecture 9 in english for pg free download as powerpoint presentation. Nonetheless, contrastive rhetoric has its critics, and for good reason. Pdf contrastive rhetoric download read online free. The influence of the learners mother tongue on the use of a second language has long been of interest within applied linguistics. Studies in world englishes, a notion referring to a belief in and respect for multiplevaried models of english across cultures. The aforementioned researchers defined five features of contrastive rhetoric english paired with eastasian style appearing first that warrant consideration and may be used as a baseline for contrastive rhetoric research and classroom application in eastasia.
This volume explores contrastive rhetoric for audiences in both esl contexts and international efl contexts, exposing the newest developments in theories of culture and discourse and pushing the boundaries beyond any. Adopts the approach of socially realistic linguistics and questions the assumptions of contrastive rhetoric in the context of english education around the world. Is there a place for crosscultural contastive rhetoric in english academic writing courses. Cultural meaning and rhetorical styles toward a framework for contrastive rhetoric. A contrastive rhetoric study introduction the maiden work of kaplan 1966 on contrastive rhetoric henceforth cr some fortynine years ago was an attempt at solving pedagogical problems related to the eslefl writing discipline. A study of the contrastive rhetoric of arabic, english. Journal of second language writing vol 25, pages 1122. A dynamic model of l2 writing paul kei matsuda purdue universi the notion of controstive rhetoric was first proposed as a pedagogic01 solu tion to the problem of l2 orgonization, and the subsequent development in. Contrastive rhetoric is the study of the ways in which the rhetorical structures of a persons native language may interfere with efforts to write in a second language l2. Contrastive rhetoric an analytical framework for the study of second language writing. Lectures notes world englishes autosaved elt j 1999 thornbury 4 11. Pdf contrastive rhetorical analysis of saudi esl writing.
Potential pedagogical application of contrastive rhetoric a number of researchers and linguists have already come to the general understanding that cultural contrastive rhetoric should be addressed in the pedagogies of english writing. A contrastive rhetoric analysis of three court decisions in american, philippine, and indonesian englishes. Cultural differences in language have been the main topic of contrastive rhetoric, which identifies the writers first language l1 transfer to second language l2 writing in terms of rhetorical strategy conner, 1996. Scribd is the world s largest social reading and publishing site. Rhetorical conventions like organization and the perceived role of the audience are important considerations and differ across cultures. Admittedly, the earliest work in contrastive rhetoric was significantly flawed, attempting to compare student writing in l2 with professional writing in ll, ignoring differences in genre, and assuming that there was a single general textlogical structure for english. World englishes today 9 introduction 9 the world wide diffusion of english 9 language, dialect and variety 10 accent 11 varieties of world englishes 12 diffusion and variation 12 standards. The prospect of contrastive rhetoric has shown an increasing significance in l2 writing classes. Pdf a contrastive rhetoric analysis of three court.
Is there a place for crosscultural contastive rhetoric in. Semitic for example, arabic or hebrew thoughts are express in a series of parallel ideas, both positive and negative. Cultural meaning and contrastive rhetoric in english education. Contrastive rhetoric contrastive rhetoric cr started 30 years ago in applied linguistics by robert kaplan, pays special attention to the role of transfer from native language to the target language.
Contrastive rhetoric in shona and english book summary. This page provides a list of resources journal articles, book chapters, and books on the different varieties of english and historical development of world englishes. Journal of english for academic purposes contrastive. Four chapters provide ethnographies and observations about contrastive rhetoric and the teaching of efl and esl. Kaplan in connor, 1996 reasserted that contrastive rhetoric was not meant as a teaching. Focuses on one aspect of the relationship between language and culture, that of cultural meaning and rhetorical style in writing across traditions of literacy. Chapter 2 contrastive rhetoric and studies of chinese and english writing 2. Using the contrastive genre analysis framework of le, kui, and yinglong. The term was first coined by the american applied linguist robert kaplan in 1966 to denote eclecticism and subse. Introduction it has been argued that the study of text styles such as linearity and circularity in contrastive rhetoric may not be sufficient for understanding overall differences between english and chinese writing see e.
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