A comparison between the christian and confucian major doctrines. The gentleman ideal person appears in the very first section of textknown as a chapter, although most comprise only a few lines. The analects of confucius for a taste of the complex philosophy of confucius, pick a book at random from the table of contents of the analects. Many scholars find this term difficult to translate and there is some disagreement over how best to represent the term in english. The four books sishu are chinese classic texts illustrating the core value and belief systems in confucianism. The analects of confucius, the great learning, the doctrine of the mean, and mencius.
It presents the various opinions of the disciples but ends with a stirring reminder of confuciuss greatness as if to remind readers that such a figure is irreplaceable. Some sources also report that he was responsible for devising the rituals of the chou government. This should now be the analects version of choice for use in undergraduate classes. The analects also known as the analects of confucius, is an ancient chinese book composed of a. Although confucianism became the official ideology of the chinese state, it has never existed as an established religion with a church and priesthood. Confucians also have books at the core of their tradition, including the analects, the book of mencius, and the great learning. God, or into a state of total isolation from him, which is.
The duke of chou was said to have saved the dynasty through his wise rule. Confucius is one of our very best thinkers, a model for living a selfaware and virtuous life. Confucius himself is the most famous representative of the tradition which is why i selected the analects as my first book, though he viewed himself as the transmitter. When early catholic and protestant missionaries came to china in the 16th through the 19th centuries, they found that something called the mandate of heaven was frequently mentioned in the early confucian classics such as the book of documents and the classic of odes. The analects are considered the best source of determining the sayings and wisdom of confucius. Confucius died early in the fifth century bcand in the third century bc, the chinese emperor ordered a widespread destruction of books. Comparing and contrasting confucianism with christianity. In the analysis of these confucian classics, i will focus on the ongoing debate between scholars of confucianism and feminism in korea today. Perhaps the best edition is the analects of confucius. Zhu placed the analects, or lunyu, second in his list of four books because its foundation for learning builds upon the framework of the first book. I love meditations by marcus aurelius and will read this in dribs and drabs throughout the year. The analects, the doctrine of the mean, and the great learning, brings together the most important confucian texts with an introduction by nicholas tamblyn, and is part of the essential series by golding books. The analects of confucius quotes and analysis gradesaver. He sacrificed to the dead, as if they were present.
One term you may encounter in various translations is jen or ren. Confucianism is sometimes mistakenly seen as a religion but it is really a philosophy of china, and of asia as a whole. Chinese scholars honored confucius as a great teacher and sage but did not worship him as a personal god. The name in english derived from the word analect which means a fragment or extract of literature, or a collection of teachings. An exception to this rule are ethical or religious texts. Examining the early texts upon which confucianism is founded, there is no doubt that this. The great learning, the doctrine of the mean, confucian analects and the. As confucianism makes a comeback in china, daniel a. The duke of chou was a figure revered by confucius, as indicated by statements in the analects. The book crossreferences the biblical teachings and confucian theory. Confucian analects, the great learning, the doctrine of. The analects or sayings of confucius, is the classic collection of his teachings compiled by his disciples over several centuries following his death. Taken together, the book depicts a man who valued learning not only for its own sake but also as a path to spiritual fulfillment. This would make the teachings of the historical jesus on average much earlier than that of the analects of the historical confucius.
Christianity vs confucianism comparison chart from. The book of ceremonies contains teachings to help the superior man act in the right way. It wasnt actually written by confucius, but instead the second generation of his students. A comparison between the christian and confucian major.
Commentary will help you understand the context of his sayings. The individual remarks in the analects form the basis of confucianism, which redefined the ancient chinese worldview. Sacred texts there are several holy books in confucianism however lun yu analects is the most revered. In the 12th century, zhu xi codified the sacred texts of confucianism, calling them simply the four books. He sacrificed to the spirits, as if the spirits were present. Confucius believed that the welfare of a nation depended upon the moral character of its people, and that the cultivation of this character began by a devotion to the wellbeing of others, starting with ones immediate family. The book may have begun as a collection by confuciuss immediate disciples. His philosophy emphasised personal and governmental morality. Thus confucius joins socrates and jesus christ of having an enormous influence upon the world without actually writing anything down. Thus, students will now have access to a version of the book that reflects, in a most inviting manner, both the suggestive depth of the text and the influence it has had on centuries of chinese readers.
Confucianism is an ancient chinese religion with approximately 6 million followers worldwide, and named after the wellknown philosopher, confucius. It is better to sacrifice to the god of the stove than to the god of the family shrine. The confucian analects literally translated as discussion over confucius words collects a record of the philosophy, discussions and day to day life of the great chinese scholar confucius 551. Confucian classics such as the book of change, the book of poetry and confucian analects will be included in the analysis to investigate whether confucianism legitimizes womens subordination to men. The great learning, the analects of confucius, the book of mencius and the doctrine of the mean. Classical confucianism, undoubtedly, presents man as a creation of god rather than just a product of unconscious nature. Master kong, but most frequently referred to simply as kongzi, traditionally september 28, 551 479 bce was a famous chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced east asian life and thought. The analects of confucius, a collection of sayings and ideas of confucianism, was compiledby the followers of confucius mostly in the form of dialogues. Some critics view confucianism as definitely pantheistic and nontheistic, in that it is not based on the belief in the supernatural or in a personal god existing separate from the temporal plane. The annals of spring and autumn is a commentary related to the events of the state.
The last chapter, emperor yao said, is the briefest chapter in the book. For example, the book states that the chinese word li etiquette, as explained in the analects, is equivalent to the law in the bible. A few of these were also afforded the title of master, showing they later became important teachers of confucianism themselves. Chapter 16 echoes elements of chapter 1 in this book.
For these reasons, some scholars believe book xix may have at one point been the last in the analects series. The analects contains the sayings of confucius and his. They were all written, however, in the most ancient form of the chinese character, which had fallen into disuse, and the king returned them to the kung family, the head of which, kung ankwo, gave himself to the study of them, and. The analects of confucius book i summary and analysis. Published in 2014, the book, written by shi hengtan, who holds a ph. He is called by many superlatives, including laudably declarable lord ni. Zij stelden in hun boek the original analects dat het oudste hoofdstuk afkomstig was uit 479 v. Bell, a professor of philosophy at tsinghua university in beijing, lists which books to. Chinese pastors ordered to base sermons on book comparing. A literal translation with an introduction and notes, by chichung huang, published by oxford university press. And in many other parts of the nonasiatic world, the wisdom of confucius teachings has gained ready acceptance. According to your text book, the foundational step toward the attainment of universal peace is the pursuit of personal virtue, as taught in one of the four books of confucianism. Confuciuss works were collected into the analects lunyu, a collection of. As a matter of fact, the influence of confucianism and christianity has played a very important role in cultivating the peoples ideas.
Nevertheless, confucianism as a religious system is opposed to the teachings of christianity and must be rejected summarily by christians. The belief in god requires reformation in ones conduct and consequent. Book 1 introduces many of the main ideas in the confucian philosophy. Confucianistic terms analects, the one of the four books containing the sayings of confucius. Book 1 also demonstrates the variety of sources quoted in the analects, with pronouncements coming not only from the master but also from his followers and students. An emphasis upon moral principles as the basis for harmony in the home, in society, and among nations is inherent in both confucianism and the gospel of jesus christ. The book was published in 2014 and written by shi heng tan, who is a member of the institute of world religions of the chinese academy of social sciences, an entity affiliated with the chinese government. Next should come an attentive reading of the analects of confucius, the main text of confucianism. Another classic book of confucian thought, the doctrine of the mean, is a practical guide for those aspiring to sublime wisdom. The exact history of the analects of confucius is murky. Also important are four other documents, called the four books, which were written by later disciples.
The analects by confucius, mencius by mencius, the world. The key passage may be this one referring to confucius. They were selected by zhu xi in the song dynasty to serve as general introduction to confucian thought, and they were, in the ming and qing dynasties, made the core of the official curriculum for the civil service examinations. You will see that each chapter makes some point about the way in which a person should live practically, spiritually, or morally. The same is true of the new testament, the wisdom books, psalms, parts of the book of mormon, and the analects. For confucius, the ultimate goal in attaining knowledge of ones own nature is to attain harmony with god, and this is the ultimate of mans vision of heaven. The lecture series discover the stories behind historys greatest books. The analects were originally part of the five classics but then people thought it was more important so it was moved to the four books of confucianism. Overview according to ban gu, writing in the book of han, the analects originated as individual records kept by confuciuss disciples of conversations between the master and them, which were then collected and jointly edited by the disciples after confuciuss death in 479 bc. The analects of confucius books xviii, xix, and xx summary. One of the classic four books of ancient confucianism consists of a short initial commentary attributed to confucius himself, followed by a lengthier tract written by one of his disciples named zengzi. The religion involves the worshiping of the spirits of the forefathers, the great god of heaven, and the consecrating angles. Confucius the book of life is the brain of the school of life, a gathering of the best. The concepts of filial pietythat children must respect and revere their parents and other authority figuresand humaneness.
This is an account of the philosophy of mencius who was a devoted follower of confucius. Confucianism revolves around the pursuit of the unity of the individual self and the god of heaven tian. The analects are a collection of the teachings and thoughts of confucius. It is believed to have been written during the warring. Most christians believe the bible is a part of god s revelation and refer to it as the word of god.
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