Biofortified wheat varieties pdf

The food uses of biofortified pearl millet varieties will. The wheat variety developed by the ari scientists show high protein content of about 14. The main objective of biofortifying wheat is to develop nutritionally enhanced wheat to increase peoples intake of iron and zinc. Few resistant varieties have been released in brazil, bolivia and paraguay, the countries most affected by wheat blast. Home ifpri publications biofortified wheat reference url share. Biology fortified creates infographics to help explain the science and issues in genetics, biotechnology, and agriculture. International maize and wheat improvement center cimmyt has more than 40 years of working experience with full dedication and devotion to develop biofortified maize.

Pdf on jan 1, 2018, abdullah m and others published nutritive appraisal of various wheat varietieslines for developing biofortified wheat triticum aestivum l. However, modern wheat varieties are low in proteins and minerals. Jan 10, 2019 cimmyts biofortification program exploits diverse genetic resources and utilizes new wheat varieties that are highyielding, more heat and drought tolerant, and have better enduse quality. Who biofortification of crops with minerals and vitamins. Latest report can be found in steve watsons wheat varieties for kansas and the great. Breeding biofortified wheat with enhanced micronutrient concentrations has. To assure nutritional and food security, it is therefore paramount that suitable biofortified wheat varieties are developed, released, and disseminated for widespread adoption.

Latest report can be found in steve watsons wheat varieties for kansas and the great plains 1993. Modern wheat varieties have limited variation in grain zn and fe, but largescale screening. Biofortification by mineral fertilization is a common practice in some countries that applied seleniumcontaining fertilizers as a shortterm solution for improving selenium content of wheat. Release of biofortified bean varieties in uganda icrisat. The wheat would also face many, many more regulatory processes in each country where it might be grown. First blast resistant, biofortified wheat variety released. Support gm wheat trials by sending your comments by 4 march 2019 to defra. The following briefs were solicited by harvestplus for the second global conference on biofortification, getting nutritious foods to people, which took place in kigali, rwanda from march 31 to april 2, 2014.

In our study the high zinc biofortified wheat would have at best delivered 3. Biofortified pearl millet varieties to fight iron and zinc. Will farmers grow the biofortified varieties and will consumers buy and eat them in. These varieties included three bush and two climber growth types. Biofortified sorghum and pearl millet varieties and hybrids are the answer in areas where malnutrition is prevalent. Biofortification is a method for increasing the availability of essential elements in the edible portions of crops through agronomic or genetic and genomic interventions.

Because the grain zn concentration is affected not only by genetically controlled mechanisms but also by the environment in which it is produced 32,33, that of the currently cultivated wheat varieties and the prospective biofortified varieties will need to be developed and assessed in the agroecological areas inhabited by potential target. In biofortification, conventional crop breeding techniques are used to identify varieties with particularly high concentration of desired nutrients. May 01, 2014 the only human study of zinc bioavailability from biofortified wheat indicates that overall zinc absorption may be improved with biofortified wheat as compared with standard varieties. Ten, twenty, thirty years from now, independent of the originator, most. Abdullah m, ahmad j, javed a, hussain m, shamim s, et al. Urinary analysis of stable isotopes indicated that a higher quantity of zinc was absorbed from the zinc. While the development of varieties containing higher levels of zinc and iron is progressing, scientists continue to search genebanks for sources of highvitamin a wheat. New studies highlight potential of zincbiofortified wheat. Using biotechnology, the researchers developed a wheat variety with 20 mg iron per kg of milled white flour when plants are grown in greenhouse conditions. More than 50 qpm varieties have been adopted in latin america, caribbean and sub. Asia is largely derived from rice and wheat varieties developed by.

The maize bank contains 28,000 samples of seed, including the worlds largest collection of maize landraces varieties developed by farmers over decades. These varieties are resistant to wheat stem, stripe, and leaf rust diseases and produce high yields under both optimal conditions and drought or high. Biofortification is the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value. Six varieties of high zinc wheat bhu 1, bhu 3, bhu 5, bhu 6, bhu 7, and bhu 18 were released in india in 2014 followed by the release of four varieties in pakistan in 2015 nr 419, 42, 421, and zincol. These are crossbred with highyielding varieties to develop biofortified varieties that have high levels of. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degradation of carotenoids after milling, cooking, and storage among biofortified varieties released in zambia.

This can be done either through conventional selective breeding, or through genetic engineering. Pdf nutritive appraisal of various wheat varietieslines. We think there is enough information and experience to justify a boycott of all biofortified crops and foods, coupled with demands for investment in a different approach to agricultural research based on agroecology. The candidate biofortified wheat genotypes from cimmyt. Biofortification food and agriculture organization of the united. The biofortified variety is a version of the most popular open pollinated variety in maharashtra, ictp820, and contains up to 50 percent of the iron ear for women and preschool children. Although none of those released to farmers thus far have been gm, quite a number are in the pipeline and on their way to being released. Biofortification through plant breeding consists of the development of micronutrientenhanced crop varieties through conventional breeding. The food uses of biofortified pearl millet varieties will go a long way to reduce iron and zinc deficiencies. The research highlights improved ways to breed zincrich varieties by digging into the genetics of wheat.

The acceptance for biotech wheat or genetically modified gm wheat has changed over the years since crop companies postponed their plans of commercializing the transgenic wheat in 2003 and 2004 due to widespread opposition 22. Quantity of zinc absorbed from wheat in adult women is. Fourteen qpm hybrids are released in india and two in pakistan. Even though during wheat is commonly fortify, promising and more long term solution is biofortification of wheat, which bases on the production of new wheat varieties with characteristically. Sustainable way to alleviate malnutrition to make awareness among the stakeholders and consumers. The next step is for the researchers to grow the plants outdoors in a field trial. Advances in genomic interventions for wheat biofortification. To date, four zn biofortified varieties have been released zinc shakti in the background of indian variety pbw343, zincol 2016 in the. Pdf on jan 1, 2018, abdullah m and others published nutritive appraisal of various wheat varietieslines for developing biofortified wheat.

Agharkar research institute ari scientists have developed a biofortified durum wheat variety macs 4028. Pdf malnutrition has emerged as one of the most serious health issues worldwide. Biofortified crops for tackling micronutrient deficiencies. To date, four biofortified wheat varieties have been released zincol 2016 in pakistan, zinc shakti chitra, wb02 and hpbw01 in india box 2. Plant breeders use these varieties to develop new, productive and biofortified crop lines for farmers to grow, market and consume. Wheat varieties list the wheat farmerrow crop farmer. Pdf nutritional security through crop biofortification. These findings were corroborated when the absorption of zinc in whole and refined flour from postharvest fortified wheat and agronomically biofortified wheat were tested prior to a randomized controlled efficacy trial in india 33. Daily current affairs 2020 scientists of ari, pune develop. In the meantime, researchers are using a genetic engineering approach to introduce genes for vitamin a from other species. The varieties of wheat created through these methods are in the hundreds going as far back as 1960, more of them being created in higher populated countries such as china. Sep 10, 2018 the result has been the development and release of biofortified wheat varieties such as zinc shakti chitra, wb02, hpbw 01 pbw 1 zn, zincol2016, and barigom 33, which possess. Biofortified maize and wheat can improve diets and health.

The now proven high bioavailability % absorption of zn from wheat in human diets translates to significant. The varieties of wheat created through these methods are in the hundreds going as far back as 1960, more of them being. Through a pioneering process called biofortification, we develop and promote nutrientrich crops to improve nutrition and public health. Evaluation of zinc bioavailability in humans from foliar zinc biofortified wheat and from intrinsic vs. Assessing genetic diversity to breed competitive biofortified wheat.

Scientists of ari, pune develop biofortified, high protein wheat variety macs 4028, a semidwarf variety, has shown the superior and stable yielding ability it is resistant to stem rust, leaf rust, foliar aphids, root aphids, and brown wheat mite. The wheat variety developed by the ari scientists group on wheat improvement, shown high protein content of about. For example, with the collaboration from cimmyt, inifap, mexico developed cirno 2008 wheat variety that is resistant to leafrust disease and provided a 12% yield gain over the existing durum wheat varieties in mexico figueroalopez et al. Protein was determined by kjeldahl method instruction manual. Thus, superior agronomic traits are inherent in the biofortified wheat varieties, along with nutrition. The first, from researchers at the international maize and wheat improvement center cimmyt, was published in nature scientific reports. Five bean varieties rich in iron and zinc were recently released for the first time in uganda. The first biofortified lines will be delivered to the target. Targeted breeding for these biofortified varieties was initiated by exploiting available genetic diversity for zn and fe from wild relatives of cultivated wheat and synthetic hexaploid progenitors. Biofortification strategies to increase grain zinc and iron concentrations in wheat. Feb 21, 2014 changes to agricultural conditions in the future will also impact upon the deployment of biofortified wheat varieties. Biofortified crops have been released in countries indicated in dark purple, while crops are being tested in countries in light purple.

Therefore, biofortified varieties must be agronomically equivalent or preferably superior to the less nutrient dense market and traditional varieties with which they will compete. Most of the varietieslines had narrow range of zn 31. Biofortification is also fairly cost effective after an initial large research investment where seeds can be distributed, the implementation costs of growing biofortified foods are nil or negligible, as opposed to supplementation which is comparatively expensive and requires continued financing over time, which may be jeopardized by. It is resistant to stem rust, leaf rust, foliar aphids, root aphids, and brown wheat mite. Wheat is an essential constituent of cerealbased diets, and one of the most significant sources of calories. Scientists of ari, pune develop biofortified, high protein. Biofortification strategies to increase grain zinc and. The development of highzinc wheat for indi a and pakistan is led by cimmyt. To link to this object, paste this link in email, im or.

Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and provitamin a carotenoids. Wheat has also been the subject of mutation breeding, with the use of gamma, xrays, ultraviolet light, and sometimes harsh chemicals. Evidence from one small study indicates that additional zinc present in biofortified wheat is absorbed. The first occurrence of wheat blast in 2016 threatened bangladeshs already precarious food security situation. Biofortified staple crops, when consumed regularly, will generate measureable improvements in human health and nutrition. T ejas wheat variety rich in protein, iron and zinc.

As a result of this work, six biofortified wheat varieties with zinc contents 612 ppm higher than in traditional wheat grains have been released in recent years in pakistan and india fig. Nutritive appraisal of various wheat varietieslines for developing. The iron and zinc contents remained higher in decorticated biofortified varieties than in the decorticated local variety. Nutritive appraisal of various wheat varietieslines for. Under harvestplus, breeding targets are set such that, for preschool children 46 years old and for nonpregnant, nonlactating women of. Currently, biofortified pearl millet, rice, and wheat are available to farmers in india. Six biofortified wheat varieties released in india and pakistan feature grain with 612 parts per million more zinc than is found traditional wheat, as well as drought tolerance and resistance to locally important wheat diseases, said velu govindan, a breeder who leads cimmyts work on biofortified wheat and coauthored the study. Pdf nutritive appraisal of various wheat varietieslines for. Since grain nutrition is a nonvisible trait, it is essential that new cultivars are not only rich in grain zn, but that they have a higher yield than current cultivars.

Two new studies were recently published on zinc wheat biofortification. Economic benefits of blastresistant biofortified wheat in. If this sounds like beneficial research to you, theres still time to comment. Developing country consumers acceptance of biofortified foods. Till now, may researches, which focused on increasing fe in wheat, aimed at producing natural. Progress 040104 to 033109 outputs progress report objectives from ad416 the overall focus of the project is to use modern breeding approaches to improve iron, zinc, and provitamin a content in six staple food crops important to the developing world maize, wheat, rice, bean, cassava, and sweet potato. This was appreciated by the cooks, but could also lead to lower losses in phytates. Leafrust disease was a severe yielddeterring factor in yaqui valley, sonora state, mexico. The results of this assessment will be used to inform the design of the biofortified iron pearl millet and zinc wheat programme activities under the gainharvestplus. Indeed, as the grains of this biofortified variety were harder, they exhibited a higher decortication yield. Use of wheat genetic resources to develop biofortified wheat with enhanced grain zinc and iron concentrations and desirable processing quality. High iron beans have been released in rwanda and drc. Abdullah m1, ahmad j 1, javed a 1, hussain m, shamim s, shair h, zulkiffal m, imtiaz m2, owais m1 and gulnaz s 1wheat research institute, ayub agricultural research institute, faisalabad, pakistan. Biofortification is a process of increasing the density of vitamins and minerals in a crop through plant breeding, transgenic techniques, or agronomic practices.

Utilizing this variation harvestplus has released several varieties of wheat with 410 ppm higher zinc content. The bangladesh agricultural research institute bari, together with the international maize and wheat improvement center cimmyt developed and released the wheat variety bari gom 33 that is resistant to wheat blast and other common diseases. Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide co 2 concentrations may lead to reduced grain micronutrient content, especially fe, as has been shown by free air co 2 enrichment studies hogy et al. Dhaka, bangladesh cimmyt as wheat farmers in bangladesh struggle to recover from a 2016 outbreak of a mysterious disease called wheat blast, the countrys national seed board nsb released a new, highyielding, blastresistant wheat variety, according to a communication from the wheat research centre wrc in bangladesh. Background the green revolutionwhich from the 1960s onward focused on breeding new varieties of a few staple crops like rice, wheat and maizeraised calorie consumption in developing countries but helped destroy diversity in farmers fields. The initial breeding target for whole wheat was set at 33 ppm zinc, an increment of 8 ppm above the baseline zinc concentration. To date, about 300 biofortified crop varieties have been developed and released worldwide. Genetic dissection of grain zinc concentration in spring. Examining narobean 1 during onfarm evaluation trials in mubende, uganda. Assessing genetic diversity to breed competitive biofortified. Provitamin a biofortified maize hybrids were developed to target vitamin a deficient populations in africa. Researchers are using hexaploid wheat to support breeding efforts in india and pakistan for the development of highyielding, diseaseresistant biofortified wheat. The bangladesh outbreak was its first appearance in south asia, a region where rice wheat cropping rotations cover million hectares and over a billion inhabitants eat wheat. This policy brief lays out technical evidence and arguments for.

Biofortified wheat contained more phytate than standard wheat but this was largely removed by wheat extraction. Where predominantly cerealbased diets and malnutrition exist, agricultural approaches can marginally enhance the nutritional value of some foods by elevating their macro and micronutrient content. Through a pioneering process called biofortification, we develop and promote nutrientrich crops to improve nutrition and public health for the rural farming families who need them most. Developing country consumers acceptance of biofortified foods 557 scientific testing methods are usedsuchthat data collected can be statistically interpreted but must be carefully selected. Candidate biofortified varieties across 12 crops are being evaluated for release in an additional 25 countries. In many of these same regions, wheat is considered a major staple food. Carotenoid retention of biofortified provitamin a maize. The wheat variety developed by the ari scientists group on wheat improvement, shown high protein content of about 14. Similarly, many have much higher zinc content than the best biofortified rice varieties less than 25 mgkg, but only a few have higher zinc content than the best biofortified wheat varieties less than 40 mgkg. Efficacy of high zinc biofortified wheat in improvement of. Harvestplus facilitates the global effort to end hidden hunger caused by a lack of essential vitamins and minerals in the diet. The now proven high bioavailability % absorption of zn from wheat in human diets translates to significant nutritional impact. Crops biofortified with zinc have been released relatively recently compared to other biofortified crops.